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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Brain alterations potentially associated with aggression and terrorism.

Bernhard Bogerts1, Maria Schöne1, Stephanie Breitschuh1

  • 1Salus-Institut,Magdeburg,Germany.

CNS Spectrums
|August 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Brain alterations linked to violent behavior may be present in terrorists. Studies show structural and functional deviations in brain regions controlling aggression, empathy, and reward systems.

Keywords:
Terrorismbrain imagingneuropathologyviolence

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Criminology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Many terrorists exhibit prior violent behavior or mental disorders.
  • This suggests potential overlap in neurobiological underpinnings between violent offenders and terrorists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural and functional brain imaging studies in violent offenders.
  • To explore potential brain alterations relevant to terrorism.

Main Methods:

  • Summary of structural and functional brain-imaging studies.
  • Analysis of studies published over the last 10 years.

Main Results:

  • Deviations in prefrontal, orbitofrontal, insular cortex, and temporolimbic structures (amygdala, hippocampus) were observed.
  • These altered regions are involved in aggression control, empathy, and prosocial behaviors.
  • Overlap exists between brain alterations in violent offenders and regions crucial for empathy and compassion.

Conclusions:

  • Brain dysfunction may play a significant role in terrorism.
  • Hedonistic components, involving brain reward systems, may contribute to violent acts.
  • Neurobiological factors warrant greater consideration in understanding terrorism.