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Understanding Mixed Emotions: Paradigms and Measures.

Sylvia D Kreibig¹, James J Gross¹

¹Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

|August 15, 2017

Summary

This review explores laboratory methods for studying mixed emotions. It introduces a film library for eliciting mixed emotions and discusses subjective and objective measures for assessment, highlighting future research directions.

Keywords:

facial expression mixed emotions objective measures physiology subjective feelings

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Affective Science

Background:

Mixed emotions, involving simultaneous experience of positive and negative feelings, are common in daily life.
Understanding mixed emotions is crucial for mental health and well-being.
Current laboratory methods for studying mixed emotions are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing paradigms and measures for experimentally studying mixed emotions in the laboratory.
To introduce a novel film library for eliciting specific mixed emotional states.
To discuss various subjective and objective measures for assessing mixed emotions.

Main Methods:

A curated film library designed for repeated, controlled elicitation of homogeneous mixed emotional states.
Categorization of assessment measures into univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches.
Review of subjective self-report and objective physiological measures.

Main Results:

The film library effectively elicits targeted mixed, pure positive, pure negative, and neutral emotional states.
Subjective and objective measures offer different perspectives on mixed emotion experience.
Objective measures for mixed emotions are still developing.

Conclusions:

Established paradigms and measures provide a foundation for mixed emotion research.
Future research should focus on enhancing the reliability, temporal dynamics, and response coherence of objective measures.
Advancing the study of mixed emotions will deepen our understanding of human affective experience.