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Laboratory Testing Protocols for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Testing.

Kun Kan Edwin Lau1, Soma Mohammed1, Leonardo Pasalic2,3

  • 1Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) diagnosis is challenging. This chapter details common laboratory assays, including immunological and functional tests, to aid accurate HIT diagnosis in clinical practice.

Keywords:
Chemiluminescent assayHITHeparin-induced thrombocytopeniaLatex immunoturbidimetric assayLight transmission aggregationManual lateral flow-based systemPF4-antibodiesWhole blood aggregation

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Diagnostic Laboratory Science

Background:

  • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication of heparin treatment.
  • Accurate diagnosis of HIT is clinically challenging, necessitating reliable laboratory testing.
  • Laboratory assays are crucial for confirming HIT and guiding patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present protocols for commonly used laboratory assays for diagnosing HIT.
  • To cover assays with wide geographic distribution in laboratory practice.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of available diagnostic methodologies for HIT.

Main Methods:

  • Review and description of various HIT assay protocols.
  • Categorization of assays into immunological and functional tests.
  • Detailed protocols for manual lateral flow-based system (STiC), automated latex immunoturbidimetric assay, automated chemiluminescent assay (CLIA), light transmission aggregation (LTA), and whole blood aggregation (Multiplate).

Main Results:

  • Multiple laboratory assay protocols for HIT diagnosis are presented.
  • Assays include both immunological detection of antibodies and functional assessment of platelet activation.
  • The described methods represent widely adopted and geographically distributed HIT diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of HIT relies heavily on laboratory testing.
  • A range of validated immunological and functional assays are available for HIT diagnosis.
  • The presented protocols facilitate standardized and reliable laboratory assessment of HIT.