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Analysis of the Pathogenic Factors and Management of Dry Eye in Ocular Surface Disorders

Marcella Nebbioso1, Paola Del Regno2, Magda Gharbiya3

  • 1Department of Sense Organs, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. marcella.nebbioso@uniroma1.it.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 15, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Dry eye syndrome arises from disruptions in the tear film, influenced by factors like age, gender, and inflammation. This review explores ocular surface disorders and recent therapeutic strategies for dry eye management.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Surface Disease

Background:

  • The tear film is crucial for ocular surface health, and its imbalance leads to dry eye (DE) syndrome.
  • Key risk factors for DE include female gender, advanced age, and changes in tear composition (proteins, lipids, aqueous, salinity).
  • Ocular surface inflammation is a significant factor in DE onset and recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifactorial disorders of the ocular surface contributing to dry eye syndrome.
  • To discuss recent therapeutic options for managing dry eye based on underlying pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ocular surface disorders and dry eye syndrome.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including demographic, physiological, and inflammatory components.
  • Overview of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Dry eye syndrome is a prevalent condition with multifactorial origins.
  • Alterations in tear film secretion, distribution, and composition are central to DE pathogenesis.
  • Inflammation plays a critical role in the development and persistence of dry eye.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex interplay of factors is essential for effective dry eye management.
  • Recent therapeutic advancements offer targeted approaches for various dry eye etiologies.
  • Continued research into ocular surface homeostasis and inflammation is vital for improving patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Meibomian glanddry eyelacrimal glandlipids and lipidomicsocular surface disordersproteins and proteomicstear film

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