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16-Channel biphasic current-mode programmable charge balanced neural stimulation.

Xiaoran Li1, Shunan Zhong2, James Morizio3

  • 1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.

Biomedical Engineering Online
|August 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a 16-channel neural stimulator chip that precisely controls current for safe and effective nerve activation. Calibration minimizes manufacturing variations, ensuring charge balance and preventing neural tissue damage.

Keywords:
Biphasic currentCharge balanceConstant current modeElectrical stimulationNeural stimulator

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Neural stimulation activates or inhibits neuronal action potentials in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Balanced charge delivery via biphasic pulses is crucial; amplitude mismatch can damage neural tissue.
  • Current neural stimulators require precise control to avoid adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a 16-channel, current-mode programmable neural stimulator.
  • To minimize current mismatch caused by CMOS manufacturing variations through integrated calibration.
  • To ensure safe and effective neural stimulation by maintaining charge balance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 16-channel constant current mode neural stimulator chip.
  • Each channel features a 7-bit controllable current DAC for source and sink current driving.
  • Implemented an automatic calibration circuit to reduce LSB quantization error and current mismatch.
  • Designed a digital interface for channel-specific parameter and calibration control.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated a 16-channel neural stimulator ASIC using 0.18 μm High-Voltage CMOS technology (±20 V supply).
  • Achieved a full-scale stimulation current of 1 mA per channel, constant across various electrode impedances.
  • Calibration circuit reduced charge delivery error to less than 0.13% despite CMOS process variations.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully designed and verified a 16-channel integrated biphasic neural stimulator with calibration.
  • Demonstrated constant current stimulation with charge balance error within 0.13% LSB.
  • The design ensures consistent performance across diverse stimulation patterns and electrode loads.