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Activity Trackers Implement Different Behavior Change Techniques for Activity, Sleep, and Sedentary Behaviors.

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Summary

Wearable activity trackers implement varying numbers of behavior change techniques (BCTs) across activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors. The number and type of BCTs differ significantly between devices and behaviors, impacting their potential effectiveness.

Keywords:
adult, mobile applicationsbehavior changeexercisefitness trackershealth behaviorpublic healthsleep

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science and digital health technology.
  • Human-computer interaction and health informatics.

Background:

  • Existing research compares behavior change techniques (BCTs) across activity trackers.
  • However, a gap exists in understanding how BCT implementation differs for activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors within these devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the quantity and types of BCTs used by wearable activity trackers for activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors.
  • To determine if BCT implementation varies across these distinct behavioral domains.

Main Methods:

  • Three popular self-monitoring systems (Fitbit, Garmin, Jawbone) were evaluated over one week.
  • The Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy was applied to assess 40 BCTs.
  • Interrater agreement was calculated using kappa statistics to ensure reliability.

Main Results:

  • BCT implementation varied significantly across devices and behaviors.
  • Activity behavior showed the highest number of BCTs (19-33), followed by sleep (4-29), and sedentary behavior (0-10).
  • Average BCTs implemented were 26 for activity, 14 for sleep, and 6 for sedentary behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Wearable activity trackers differ in their implementation of BCTs for various behaviors.
  • The varying BCTs suggest different potentials for behavior change, but long-term effectiveness requires further investigation.