A case of hypercalcemia with double pathology.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Hypercalcemia commonly results from a single underlying cause, such as primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy.
• Identifying the precise etiology of hypercalcemia is essential for appropriate management.

Observation:

• A patient presented with hypercalcemia that was initially attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to a parathyroid adenoma.
• Further investigation was prompted by persistent symptoms not fully explained by the initial diagnosis.

Findings:

• The diagnostic workup revealed a second, concurrent cause of hypercalcemia: multiple myeloma.
• This represents a rare coexistence of two distinct diseases, primary hyperparathyroidism and multiple myeloma, in a single patient.

Implications:

• Simultaneous diagnosis of multiple hypercalcemia etiologies is uncommon and presents diagnostic challenges.
• Early and concurrent diagnosis of both primary hyperparathyroidism and multiple myeloma allows for prompt initiation of appropriate, tailored treatments.
• This case highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation in complex hypercalcemia presentations.