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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo

Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo

Published on: July 11, 2010

Chicken Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Establishment and Characterization.

Aurelie Fuet¹, Bertrand Pain²

¹Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRA, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|August 16, 2017

Summary

Scientists successfully created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) in chickens, a non-mammalian model. This breakthrough expands the potential of cellular reprogramming beyond mammals.

Keywords:

Chicken Induced pluripotent stem cells Transfection

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Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Reproductive biology
Avian research

Background:

Mammalian induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated using Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) genes.
Generating iPS cells has been primarily demonstrated in mammals, limiting broader applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish protocols for creating, characterizing, and utilizing chicken iPS cells.
To investigate the feasibility of avian cellular reprogramming using the OSKM factors.

Main Methods:

Development of protocols for the establishment and characterization of chicken iPS cells.
Demonstration of maintenance, differentiation, and injection capabilities of these putative iPS cells.

Main Results:

Successful generation of putative reprogrammed chicken iPS cells.
Establishment of comprehensive protocols for their use in avian models.

Conclusions:

Cellular reprogramming via OSKM factors is achievable in avian species, using chickens as a model.
This research opens new avenues for stem cell applications in birds.