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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
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Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

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Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
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Membrane Carbohydrates01:30

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The plasma membrane is a dynamic barrier composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is the epicenter of many cellular processes required for cell growth and survival. Carbohydrates have unique structural and chemical properties that help the plasma membrane to carry out its functions effectively.
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Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

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Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
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Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

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Cellulose Perversions.

João P Canejo1, Maria H Godinho2

  • 1CENIMAT/I3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal. jpgc@campus.fct.unl.pt.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellulose micro/nano-fibers twist into spirals and helices due to internal defects. This biomimetic shape arises from asymmetric contraction during electrospinning of liquid crystalline solutions.

Keywords:
biomimetic springscellulose-based liquid crystalselectrospun helical fibers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Cellulose micro/nano-fibers are produced via electrospinning from liquid crystalline solutions.
  • These fibers exhibit complex shapes like curls and twists, mimicking natural structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind the spiral and helical formations in cellulose-based electrospun fibers.
  • To understand how intrinsic curvature is acquired during the electrospinning process.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospinning of liquid crystalline cellulose solutions.
  • Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Polarizing Optical Microscopy (POM).
  • Recording fiber trajectories towards various electrospinning targets.

Main Results:

  • Fibers curl and twist due to an off-core line defect disclination.
  • Intrinsic curvature results from asymmetric contraction of an internal disclination line.
  • Distinct instabilities observed for isotropic versus anisotropic solutions suggest curvature is acquired during liquid crystal processing.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the mechanism of spiral and helical fiber formation.
  • The findings highlight the role of liquid crystalline sample processing in dictating fiber morphology.
  • This research opens avenues for biomimetic material design inspired by nature.