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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

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When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
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Propagation of Waves01:07

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Wave Parameters01:10

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The simplest mechanical waves are associated with simple harmonic motion and repeat themselves for several cycles. These simple harmonic waves can be modeled using a combination of sine and cosine functions. Consider a simplified surface water wave that moves across the water's surface. Unlike complex ocean waves, in surface water waves, water moves vertically, oscillating up and down, whereas the disturbance of the wave moves horizontally through the medium. If a seagull is floating on the...
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Published on: November 11, 2013

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Modulated vortex six-wave mixing.

Dan Zhang, Xing Liu, Lingmeng Yang

    Optics Letters
    |August 16, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers generated a vortex six-wave mixing (SWM) signal in a hot atomic ensemble. This nonlinear optical effect, carrying orbital angular momentum, shows potential for advanced information processing applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Atomic Physics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Six-wave mixing (SWM) is a nonlinear optical process.
    • Photonic band gap structures offer unique light-matter interaction properties.
    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) in light is crucial for advanced optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally generate a vortex SWM signal using a photonic band gap structure in a hot atomic ensemble.
    • To investigate the influence of generating fields on the spatial SWM image.
    • To demonstrate the nonreciprocal characteristics of the generated SWM signal.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental generation of SWM signal in a hot atomic ensemble.
    • Utilizing a photonic band gap structure for enhanced light-matter interaction.

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    Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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    Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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  • Modulation of spatial SWM images by controlling detunings and intensities of generating fields.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully generated a vortex SWM signal carrying OAM.
    • Demonstrated that spatial SWM images can be modulated by detunings and intensities.
    • Observed and demonstrated the nonreciprocal feature of the SWM signal.

    Conclusions:

    • The generated vortex SWM signal exhibits controllable spatial characteristics.
    • The nonreciprocal nature of the SWM signal is experimentally verified.
    • The demonstrated properties suggest potential applications in optical information processing.