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Increased Activity in Unstructured Versus Structured Gym Time in an After-School Program.

Matthew A McDougall1, Rachel Schaeffer2, Richard Holm3,4

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Unstructured after-school gym time increased physical activity more than structured time, especially for boys. This finding suggests opportunities to boost youth activity, particularly for children with lower BMIs.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric exercise science
  • Youth physical activity interventions
  • After-school program research

Background:

  • After-school programs offer significant opportunities to increase physical activity in American youth.
  • Over 10 million children participate in these programs annually.
  • Understanding optimal program structures for physical activity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare physical activity levels during unstructured gym time versus structured gym time and during periods with increased screen time.
  • To test the hypothesis that unstructured gym time yields greater physical activity.

Main Methods:

  • A nested study design compared three interventions: unstructured gym time, structured gym time, and increased screen time.
  • Seventy-four children aged 6-12 years participated.
  • Pedometers were used to measure physical activity across two-week intervention and control periods.

Main Results:

  • Mean pedometer counts were significantly higher during unstructured gym time compared to structured gym time (p=0.01).
  • This effect was more pronounced in boys than girls.
  • A negative correlation was found between Body Mass Index (BMI) and activity counts during unstructured time.

Conclusions:

  • After-school programs can effectively increase physical activity levels.
  • The greatest increases in activity were observed in children with lower BMIs.
  • Interventions may need tailoring, as effects differed between genders and were influenced by BMI.