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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Annotating long intergenic non-coding RNAs under artificial selection during chicken domestication.

Yun-Mei Wang1,2, Hai-Bo Xu1,2, Ming-Shan Wang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) play a role in chicken domestication. This study identified numerous chicken lincRNAs, with many potentially evolving under artificial selection and linked to special traits.

Keywords:
Artificial selectionChickenDomesticationLong intergenic non-coding RNAPopulation genomeTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have known biological functions.
  • The role of lincRNAs in animal domestication remains largely unexplored.
  • Domestication involves significant phenotypic changes driven by molecular factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genome-wide landscape of lincRNAs in chickens.
  • To identify lincRNAs involved in chicken domestication and artificial selection.
  • To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying domestication-related traits.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 821 chicken transcriptomes.
  • Annotation of 4754 lincRNA genes in the chicken genome.
  • Population genomic and comparative transcriptomic analyses.

Main Results:

  • 4754 lincRNA genes were annotated in the chicken genome.
  • 419 lincRNAs potentially evolved under artificial selection during domestication.
  • 68 differentially expressed lincRNAs and 47 lincRNAs linked to special phenotypes were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a comprehensive genome-wide view of chicken lincRNAs.
  • Enhances understanding of lincRNA roles in animal domestication.
  • Offers insights into genetic mechanisms of artificial selection in domestic animals.