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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Epigenetic regulation by the menin pathway.

Zijie Feng1, Jian Ma1,2, Xianxin Hua3

  • 1Department of Cancer BiologyAbramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Endocrine-Related Cancer
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menin protein, encoded by the MEN1 gene, plays a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and cell signaling, impacting neuroendocrine tumor development. Understanding menin

Keywords:
MEN1epigenetic regulationmeninneuroendocrine tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) show increasing prevalence.
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is a genetic model for NET development.
  • Menin protein regulates endocrine organ homeostasis via interactions with multiple partners.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding menin's biochemical role.
  • To elucidate menin's function in epigenetic regulation and cell signaling.
  • To explore menin's posttranslational regulation and its impact on NETs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural and functional interactions of menin.
  • Analysis of menin's role in gene transcription regulation.
  • Examination of menin's involvement in cell signaling pathways (TGF-beta, Wnt, Hedgehog) and miRNA biogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Menin interacts with key histone modifiers (MLL, PRMT5, SUV39H1) and transcription factors (c-Myb, JunD).
  • Menin regulates critical cell signaling pathways and miRNA processing.
  • Menin's own transcription, posttranslational modifications, and stability are subject to regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Menin is a key regulator of neuroendocrine organ homeostasis through diverse mechanisms.
  • Understanding menin's multifaceted roles provides insights into NET pathogenesis.
  • Further research into menin's regulation and interactions is essential for therapeutic strategies.