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Related Concept Videos

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

5.8K
The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.8K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.8K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
7.1K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.7K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.7K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

7.3K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
7.3K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

1.6K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry
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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development.

Aimée Bastidas-Ponce1,2,3,4, Katharina Scheibner1,2,3,4, Heiko Lickert1,2,3,4

  • 1Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review discusses pancreas development, covering induction, lineage formation, and morphogenesis. Understanding these cellular processes aids in identifying disease genes for diabetes, pancreatitis, and cancer.

Keywords:
DiabetesEndocrine cellsExocrine cellsIslets of LangerhansLineage formationMorphogenesisOrganogenesisPancreas developmentβ-cells

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Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures
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Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

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Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures
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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The pancreas, an endoderm-derived organ, regulates glucose metabolism (endocrine) and digestion (exocrine).
  • Existing research focuses on signaling pathways and transcriptional programs in pancreas development.
  • Cellular processes orchestrating pancreas morphogenesis require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known developmental mechanisms and principles of pancreas development.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding cellular processes in pancreas morphogenesis.
  • To connect developmental principles to pancreas-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on pancreas development.
  • Discussion of key stages: induction, lineage formation, morphogenesis, and organogenesis.
  • Analysis of cellular processes underlying pancreatic organ formation.

Main Results:

  • Pancreas development involves intricate signaling and transcriptional regulation.
  • Morphogenesis is driven by specific cellular behaviors and interactions.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating pancreas developmental principles is essential for identifying disease genes.
  • This knowledge aids in unraveling the pathogenesis of diabetes, pancreatitis, and cancer.
  • Further research into cellular mechanisms will advance regenerative medicine and disease treatment.