Morphological differences of the reproductive system could be used to predict the optimum Grapholita molesta (Busck)...

The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), is one of the dominant fruit-boring pests worldwide. In order to conduct integrated control of OFM effectively, it is important to predict the optimum control period. OFM populations have been monitored either by the number of trapped male moths exposed to sex pheromones or by the number of trapped male and female moths using food traps in orchards. The mating status and development stage of the trapped moths have not been characterized. The present paper studies the anatomical morphology of the OFM reproductive system at different development periods. The results revealed that OFM ovarian development can be divided into six stages. The average daily fecundity of OFM had an excellent positive correlation (r = 0.86) with the percentages of OFM in the egg maturation & oviposition stage, which could be used as an indicator in field population prediction work. There were obvious differences in the morphology of the corpus bursa and the heavy muscular area of the ductus ejaculatorius simplex before and after mating, and these differences could be used to increase the accuracy in predicting the optimum OFM control period.