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Nuclear matrix metalloproteinases: functions resemble the evolution from the intracellular to the extracellular

Yingqiu Xie1,2, Aidana Mustafa1, Adina Yerzhan1

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.

Cell Death Discovery
|August 17, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial enzymes. This study explores their nuclear functions and evolutionary mechanisms, highlighting their role in disease progression and therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular endopeptidases vital for physiological processes.
  • MMPs function in organogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell motility.
  • While typically extracellular, MMPs are increasingly found within the cell nucleus, with poorly understood mechanisms and roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the mechanisms of nuclear localization for MMPs.
  • To elucidate the functions of nuclear MMPs in processes like apoptosis, tissue remodeling, and cancer progression.
  • To explore the evolutionary adaptations enabling nuclear MMPs to target the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on MMP localization and function.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for nuclear translocation, including nuclear localization signals (NLS).
  • Examination of evolutionary pressures, such as natural selection and anti-apoptotic survival, influencing nuclear MMPs.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear MMPs have evolved mechanisms for translocation to membranes and targeting the ECM.
  • Key evolutionary drivers include the development of NLS, natural selection, and anti-apoptotic survival strategies.
  • Nuclear MMPs are implicated in apoptosis, tissue repair after injury, and cancer advancement.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the evolution and regulation of nuclear MMPs is critical for comprehending cellular processes.
  • Nuclear MMPs play significant roles in disease pathogenesis, including cancer progression.
  • Targeting nuclear MMPs offers potential therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

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