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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...

The Pituitary Gland

The Pituitary Gland

The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.

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Prolactinoma in a Dog.

Cristina Cosio^1,2, Elena Sartori^3,2, Marcello Garatti⁴

¹1 Veterinary Clinic Croce di Gussago, Brescia, Italy.

Veterinary Pathology

|August 17, 2017

Summary

A male Yorkshire Terrier with a pituitary tumor experienced mammary gland swelling and galactorrhea. Treatment with cabergoline (a dopamine agonist) resolved symptoms, but they returned after discontinuation, confirming a functional prolactinoma.

Keywords:

cabergoline dogs endocrine diseases galactorrhea gynecomastia neoplasia paraneoplastic syndrome prolactin prolactinoma

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Endocrinology
Canine Health

Background:

Pituitary tumors can cause hormonal imbalances in dogs.
Prolactinomas, tumors secreting prolactin, are rare in male dogs.
Clinical signs include mammary gland enlargement and galactorrhea.

Observation:

A 12-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier presented with decreased appetite, mammary gland swelling, and galactorrhea.
Imaging revealed an enlarged pituitary gland, and blood tests showed elevated prolactin levels.
The dog was diagnosed with a pituitary tumor.

Findings:

Treatment with cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, normalized prolactin levels and resolved clinical signs.
Discontinuation of cabergoline led to the recurrence of hyperprolactinemia and associated symptoms.
Postmortem examination confirmed an infiltrative pituitary adenoma with prolactin immunolabeling, diagnosing a functional prolactinoma.

Implications:

This case highlights the successful use of cabergoline in managing functional prolactinomas in male dogs.
It underscores the importance of considering pituitary tumors in male dogs presenting with galactorrhea.
The findings contribute to understanding canine pituitary adenomas and their endocrine effects.