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In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants
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Young inversion with multiple linked QTLs under selection in a hybrid zone.

Cheng-Ruei Lee1,2, Baosheng Wang1,3, Julius P Mojica1

  • 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Nature Ecology & Evolution
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Young chromosomal inversions can capture beneficial genes, aiding speciation. This study provides the first direct evidence of this mechanism, showing a young inversion in Boechera stricta captured linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for local adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Speciation Genetics
  • Plant Genomics

Background:

  • Chromosomal inversions are key drivers of speciation by suppressing recombination and facilitating the co-adaptation of linked alleles.
  • The evolutionary origin of inversions and their role in capturing adaptive traits (quantitative trait loci or QTLs) remain debated, particularly for young inversions.
  • Understanding how inversions arise and spread is crucial for deciphering the genetic architecture of speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of a major chromosomal inversion in controlling ecologically important traits in Boechera stricta.
  • To determine if this young inversion captured pre-existing adaptive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or if adaptive alleles accumulated over time.
  • To provide direct evidence for the mechanism of QTL capture by young inversions during incipient speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic mapping to identify the chromosomal region associated with adaptive traits.
  • Chromosome painting and genome sequencing to characterize the inversion's structure and origin.
  • Experimental crosses of Boechera stricta haplotypes to detect linked QTLs within the inversion region.

Main Results:

  • A major inversion controlling ecologically important traits was identified in Boechera stricta, originating since the last glaciation.
  • The inversion reached high local frequency in a hybrid speciation zone and showed signs of positive directional selection.
  • Crosses revealed multiple linked phenology QTLs physically located within the identified inversion region.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first direct evidence that young chromosomal inversions can rapidly capture pre-existing, linked adaptive QTLs.
  • QTL capture by young inversions is a significant mechanism promoting local adaptation and potentially driving rapid speciation.
  • The findings highlight the importance of chromosomal rearrangements in shaping biodiversity and evolutionary trajectories.