Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

2.4K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
2.4K
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

4.2K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
4.2K
Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

2.1K
Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
2.1K
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

2.2K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
2.2K
Traditional Level Of Health Care System01:26

Traditional Level Of Health Care System

3.5K
The levels of care describe the services provided in the healthcare system. Accordingly, there are six levels of the traditional healthcare system in the US: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing healthcare. A nurse must understand how the healthcare industry organizes and provides services within these levels of care.
The preventive healthcare service includes tests for screening. Preventive health care services include identifying and reducing disease risk...
3.5K
Tertiary Healthcare System01:21

Tertiary Healthcare System

2.3K
Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Factors influencing the retention of health professionals in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional survey analysis.

GHM open·2026
Same author

Factors influencing the strengthening of nursing regulatory systems: A comparative study of Lao PDR and Mongolia.

GHM open·2026
Same author

Effectiveness of a chatbot in improving the mental wellbeing of health workers in Malawi during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized, controlled trial.

PloS one·2024
Same author

A regulatory gap analysis of midwifery to deliver essential reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health services in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific·2023
Same author

A gap analysis of midwifery competency, pre- and in-service education for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and, adolescent health in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific·2023
Same author

Building an interdisciplinary workforce for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases: the role of e-learning.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.6K

Cost-Effectiveness of Rural Incentive Packages for Graduating Medical Students in Lao PDR.

Eric Keuffell1, Wanda Jaskiewicz2, Khampasong Theppanya3

  • 1Health Finance & Access Initiative, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA.

International Journal of Health Policy and Management
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Financial incentives can significantly improve rural physician distribution in developing countries. Non-capital intensive options like career promotion and transport subsidies are most cost-effective for enhancing healthcare access.

Keywords:
Health Economics (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis)Health Workers (Rural)iscrete Choice Experiment (DCE)

More Related Videos

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

17.3K
Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
06:16

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

984

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.6K
Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

17.3K
Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
06:16

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

984

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Public Health Policy
  • Health Workforce Planning

Background:

  • Rural areas in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) face a critical shortage of health workers, limiting healthcare access and outcomes.
  • Non-wage financial incentives are being evaluated as a policy to attract healthcare professionals to rural settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the cost-effectiveness of various voluntary incentive packages for physicians in Lao PDR.
  • To inform policy-makers on selecting optimal incentive strategies to improve rural health worker distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) with medical students to model location decisions.
  • Costing analyses and secondary data on health outcomes and worker density.
  • Mixed logit regressions to estimate the impact of incentives on rural/urban location choice.

Main Results:

  • The optimal incentive package could increase rural physician density by 15% (2016) and 65% (2041).
  • Seven (three) of 15 packages were cost-effective (<3x GDP per capita) over 5 (30) years.
  • The optimal package's incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $1454/QALY (5 years) and $2380/QALY (30 years).

Conclusions:

  • Non-capital intensive incentives, such as career promotion and transport subsidies, are most effective for improving physician distribution.
  • Countries can use DCEs and costing surveys to tailor incentive programs for efficient rural uptake.
  • Methodological considerations should be taken into account when implementing such programs.