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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Parents with intellectual disability.

Carlo Schuengel1, Sabina Kef1, Marja W Hodes2

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Summary

Research on parents with intellectual disability has shifted to a contextual model, identifying factors like low income and poor mental health that impact outcomes. Evidence-based interventions can be adapted to support these families.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sociocultural shifts have redefined the rights and societal position of individuals with intellectual disability.
  • Research focus has evolved from assessing parenting capacity to a contextual model examining parenting and child outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of research on parenting and intellectual disability.
  • To highlight the importance of contextual factors in understanding parenting outcomes.
  • To advocate for the adaptation of evidence-based interventions for parents with intellectual disability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of epidemiological research.
  • Analysis of theoretical models applied to at-risk populations.
  • Discussion of the applicability of existing parenting interventions.

Main Results:

  • Contextual variables (low income, violence exposure, poor mental health) significantly influence parenting outcomes.
  • Theoretical models for other at-risk groups are applicable to parents with intellectual disability.
  • Adaptation of evidence-based parenting interventions is a viable approach.

Conclusions:

  • Parenting research for individuals with intellectual disability requires an inclusive, contextual approach.
  • Adapting existing interventions can effectively support parents with intellectual disability.
  • Future research should focus on inclusive methodologies and interventions.