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Related Concept Videos

Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

753
Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
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Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

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Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

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Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
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Family Therapy01:30

Family Therapy

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Family therapy conceptualizes psychological challenges as arising from dysfunctional interactions within the family unit, rather than as isolated issues within individuals. This approach seeks to address and transform the patterns of communication, roles, and relationships within families to promote healthier dynamics and emotional well-being for all members.
Strategic Family Therapy
Strategic family therapy emphasizes resolving communication barriers and improving problem-solving abilities...
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Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

287
Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
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Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

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Parenting in new family forms.

Susan Golombok1

  • 1Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, UK.

Current Opinion in Psychology
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Research on diverse family structures shows that parenting quality and social environment are key to child development. These factors are more influential than parental gender, sexual orientation, or biological ties.

Area of Science:

  • Family Studies
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Growing diversity in family structures challenges traditional models.
  • Concerns exist regarding the impact of non-traditional families on child development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on parenting and child development in new family forms.
  • To examine findings in the context of societal concerns.
  • To contest assumptions about negative psychological consequences for children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on assisted reproductive technologies, same-sex parent families, and single mothers by choice.
  • Analysis of research addressing societal concerns about these family forms.

Main Results:

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  • Findings contest popular assumptions about negative outcomes for children in new family forms.
  • Research challenges the presumed superiority of the traditional family structure.
  • Quality of family relationships and social environment are critical.

Conclusions:

  • Parenting quality and social environment significantly influence child psychological development and adjustment.
  • Parental number, gender, sexual orientation, or biological relatedness are less influential.
  • New family forms can provide supportive environments for child development.