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Updated: Feb 24, 2026
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Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis
Published on: September 30, 2017
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Atypical Presentations of Tularemia.
Karah Odegaard1, Beth Boersma2, James Keegan1,3
1University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine.
Summary
Tularemia cases, caused by Francisella tularensis, are increasing in South Dakota with unusual symptoms. Early diagnosis and vigilance are crucial for managing these atypical pneumonic tularemia cases.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Bacteriology
- Pulmonary Medicine
Background:
- Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative coccobacillus, causes tularemia.
- Tularemia is an emerging infectious disease with potential for bioterrorism.
- Pneumonic tularemia presents a diagnostic challenge, especially with atypical manifestations.
Observation:
- A significant rise in tularemia cases has been observed in South Dakota.
- Several cases presented with lung nodules, mimicking malignancy.
- This report details one case of pneumonic tularemia and reviews six similar cases.
Findings:
- Atypical clinical presentations, including lung nodules, complicate tularemia diagnosis.
- The study highlights the third reported outbreak of pneumonic tularemia in the U.S.
- Increased incidence of tularemia in South Dakota necessitates heightened clinical awareness.
Implications:
- Clinicians must be aware of the rising tularemia incidence in South Dakota.
- Vigilance in diagnosing and managing tularemia with atypical symptoms is essential.
- This underscores the importance of considering tularemia in differential diagnoses for respiratory illnesses.
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