Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

2.0K
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
2.0K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

6.4K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
6.4K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

3.1K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
3.1K
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

10.0K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
10.0K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.7K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.7K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

4.7K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extracorporeal Circuit for Evaluating Pharmacological Interventions in Umbilical Venous Spasm Using Porcine Umbilical Cords.

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)·2026
Same author

Evaluation of an Oxygenator in the EXTra-Uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) System Without Systemic Anticoagulation.

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)·2025
Same author

Feeding state-specific hormonal tuning of neural circuit modulation.

Journal of neurophysiology·2025
Same author

Evaluation of Gas Exchange and Hemocompatibility of an Experimental Oxygenator at Anticipated Human Fetal Flow Rates in Fetal Lambs Using a Dual Oxygenator Platform in the EXTra-Uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) System.

Artificial organs·2025
Same author

Neuropeptide Modulation Enables Biphasic Internetwork Coordination via a Dual-Network Neuron.

eNeuro·2024
Same author

Neuropeptide modulation of bidirectional internetwork synapses.

Journal of neurophysiology·2024
Same journal

Comprehensive Analysis of Auditory Nerve Fiber Responses using Fiber-Specific Modeling.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

HCN channels modulate the medium afterhyperpolarization and adjust the firing gain of fast alpha motoneurons in mice.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Targeting intracranial electrical stimulation to network regions defined within individuals causes network-level effects.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

When "Noise" Isn't Simply Noise: Deterministic Postural Drive During Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS).

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Abrupt Scene Onsets and Gradually Emerging Scene Information Produce Distinct EEG Decoding Dynamics.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

From discovery to translation: charting a course for the <i>Journal of Neurophysiology</i>.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
12:55

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants

Published on: December 26, 2013

9.7K

State-dependent sensorimotor gating in a rhythmic motor system.

Rachel S White1, Robert M Spencer2, Michael P Nusbaum1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|August 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sensory feedback to projection neurons is modulated by the underlying neural state, not just motor system activity. This gating of sensory input impacts motor patterns differently depending on the neural state.

Keywords:
central pattern generatormodulatory stateprojection neuronproprioceptorstomatogastric

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning
14:47

Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.8K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
12:55

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants

Published on: December 26, 2013

9.7K
Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning
14:47

Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.8K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • Sensory feedback adjusts motor activity, but its regulation on projection neurons is less understood than on motor circuit neurons.
  • The efficacy of sensory feedback can vary, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms.
  • Understanding sensory feedback to projection neurons is crucial for comprehending motor pattern generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether sensory feedback onto projection neurons is modulated by the underlying neural state, not just motor system activation.
  • To examine the influence of gastropyloric receptors (GPRs) on gastric mill circuit and projection neurons (MCN1, CPN2) in the crab Cancer borealis stomatogastric nervous system.
  • To compare GPR effects on projection neurons during motor rhythms triggered by different neural pathways (VCN vs. POC).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Cancer borealis stomatogastric nervous system model.
  • Examined the influence of proprioceptor neurons (gastropyloric receptors, GPRs) on gastric mill circuit neurons and projection neurons (MCN1, CPN2).
  • Investigated GPR effects during gastric mill rhythms triggered by ventral cardiac neurons (VCNs) and postoesophageal commissure (POC) neurons.

Main Results:

  • Gastropyloric receptors (GPRs) excite projection neurons (MCN1, CPN2) during the POC-triggered gastric mill rhythm, altering firing rates and activity patterns.
  • GPR action modifies both phases of the POC-driven gastric mill rhythm.
  • In contrast, GPR previously showed no excitation of MCN1/CPN2 during the VCN-triggered rhythm, only altering one phase.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory feedback to projection neurons is gated by the modulatory state of the active motor system, not solely by motor activity onset.
  • The neural state dynamically controls the influence of sensory feedback on downstream motor circuits.
  • This finding highlights a critical mechanism for flexible and context-dependent motor control.