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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Technological Developments in lncRNA Biology.

Sonali Jathar1, Vikram Kumar1, Juhi Srivastava1

  • 1National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|August 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over 90% of the mammalian genome transcribes non-coding RNAs, which have vital biological roles. This review explores methods for discovering long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) functions.

Keywords:
CHARTCLIPChIRPChromatinFunctional characterizationGenome-wide characterizationRNA-SeqSAGESecondary structurelncRNAlncRNA interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The mammalian genome is extensively transcribed into non-coding RNAs, challenging the notion of 'junk DNA'.
  • Regulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial biological roles, but their functions and mechanisms remain complex.
  • Advancements in high-throughput technologies and conventional methods have significantly expanded the understanding of lncRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methodologies for discovering and investigating the functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • To highlight technological advancements crucial for elucidating lncRNA functional importance.
  • To emphasize the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches in understanding lncRNA regulatory networks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lncRNA discovery and functional analysis techniques.
  • Analysis of high-throughput sequencing and conventional experimental approaches.
  • Integration of findings from various disciplines to understand lncRNA complexity.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive overview of methodologies for lncRNA identification and functional characterization is presented.
  • Key technological advancements enabling specific functional investigations of lncRNAs are discussed.
  • The importance of integrated approaches for unraveling lncRNA regulatory networks is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding transcripts, particularly lncRNAs, are integral to biological processes and not mere transcriptional noise.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions requires a combination of innovative technologies and multidisciplinary research.
  • Continued exploration of lncRNA methodologies is essential for advancing molecular biology and genomics.