Recent developments in open tubular capillary electrochromatography from 2016 to 2017

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Separation Science

Background:

• Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) merges high efficiency of capillary electrophoresis with high selectivity of high-performance liquid chromatography.
• Continued interest in OT-CEC drives innovation in stationary phase development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review novel stationary phases developed for OT-CEC between 2016 and 2017.
• To discuss advancements in coating and fabrication methods for OT-CEC.
• To highlight emerging characterization techniques for OT-CEC coatings.

Main Methods:

• Categorization of novel stationary phases: polymer-based materials, frameworks, nanoparticles, graphene-based materials, and biomaterials.
• Analysis of coating and fabrication strategies, including covalent and non-covalent immobilization.
• Review of methods addressing phase ratio challenges, such as multi-layering and layer-by-layer self-assembly.
• Discussion of advanced characterization techniques: transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Main Results:

• Development of diverse novel materials as stationary phases for OT-CEC.
• Prevalence of covalent coating strategies alongside continued use of non-covalent methods.
• Adoption of combined coating strategies to overcome phase ratio limitations.
• Emergence of advanced characterization techniques for detailed coating analysis.

Conclusions:

• Significant progress in OT-CEC stationary phase materials and fabrication techniques.
• Advanced characterization methods provide deeper insights into coating properties.
• Ongoing research promises further improvements in OT-CEC performance for analytical applications.