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Vitamin D intake during the first 4 years and onset of asthma by age 5: A nested case-control study

Bright I Nwaru1,2,3, Kishor Hadkhale1, Niina Hämäläinen1

  • 1Faculty of Social Sciences/Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|August 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Increased vitamin D intake in early childhood, especially at ages 1 and 2, may be linked to a higher risk of childhood asthma. Further research is needed to confirm this association.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Early-life vitamin D intake is associated with childhood asthma risk.
  • Longitudinal vitamin D exposure has not been previously evaluated in relation to asthma.
  • This study investigated vitamin D intake during the first four years of life and asthma risk by age five.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between longitudinal vitamin D intake and asthma risk in children.
  • To determine if vitamin D intake at specific ages impacts asthma development.
  • To explore the age-dependent effects of vitamin D on asthma risk.

Main Methods:

  • A Finnish population-based birth cohort study.
  • 182 incident asthma cases matched with 728 controls.
  • Vitamin D intake assessed via age-specific 3-day food records; asthma diagnosis using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire at age five.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D supplements were the primary source at 3 months; food sources, mainly fortified milk, increased thereafter.
  • Vitamin D intake at specific ages correlated with increased risk of any asthma, atopic, and non-atopic asthma.
  • Longitudinal vitamin D intake showed a statistically significant association with increased asthma risk (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.00-1.53), particularly at ages 1 and 2 years.

Conclusions:

  • Increased vitamin D intake in early childhood, especially at ages 1 and 2, may elevate the risk of childhood asthma.
  • The observed association could be a true effect or due to residual confounding from lifestyle or environmental factors.
  • Repeated vitamin D intake assessments enabled evaluation of longitudinal and age-dependent impacts on asthma risk, necessitating further longitudinal studies for confirmation.
Abstract

Keywords:
asthmachildrendietlongitudinal studyvitamin D

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