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Related Concept Videos

Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

6.3K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures
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Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

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Wrapped to Adapt: Experience-Dependent Myelination.

Christopher W Mount1, Michelle Monje1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Neuron
|August 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nervous system activity shapes brain structure and function. Recent research reveals that myelin plasticity, influenced by neural activity, impacts neurological health and disease.

Keywords:
adaptive myleinationmyelinneurodevelopmentneuroplasticityoligodendrocyteoligodendrocyte precursor cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroplasticity

Background:

  • Nervous system activity critically modulates brain structure and function.
  • Experience-dependent changes in neuronal cytoarchitecture and connectivity are well-established.
  • Recent findings highlight structural plasticity in the myelinated infrastructure of the nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of activity-dependent changes in myelin development.
  • To integrate activity-independent and activity-dependent myelination into a cohesive model.
  • To understand the implications of myelin plasticity for neurological function in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neural activity and myelination.
  • Analysis of evidence for activity-dependent myelin plasticity.
  • Synthesis of findings into a model of myelin plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Myelination involves both innate, activity-independent processes and activity-dependent modifications.
  • Myelin-forming cells exhibit plastic changes influenced by neural activity.
  • These plastic changes affect myelin structure and neurological function.

Conclusions:

  • A model of myelin plasticity is emerging, integrating distinct myelination modes.
  • Myelin plasticity has significant implications for understanding and treating neurological disorders.
  • Neural activity plays a crucial role in shaping the mature nervous system's myelinated infrastructure.