Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...

Classification of Systems-I

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

Classification of Illness

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...

Classification of Systems-II

Classification of Systems-II

Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Terminology

Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

LLM-Based Extraction of Clinical Practice Guidelines into Structured Arguments.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026

Same author

Assessing the Concordance Between LLM-Based ICD-10 Coding and a Drug Database for Antihypertensive Drug Contraindications: A Weighted Inter-Rater Agreement Study.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026

Same author

Correction: ABiMed: An intelligent and visual clinical decision support system for medication reviews and polypharmacy management.

BMC medical informatics and decision making·2025

Same author

An Intelligent and Visual Clinical Decision Support System for Medication Reconciliation at Admission in a Hospital Setting.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2025

Same author

Correction: Adaptive questionnaires for facilitating patient data entry in clinical decision support systems: methods and application to STOPP/ START v2.

BMC medical informatics and decision making·2025

Same author

A simulation trial evaluating ABiMed, a clinical decision support system for medication reviews and polypharmacy management.

Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP·2025

Same journal

Real-time EEG-based epileptic seizure prediction using artificial intelligence: A systematic review.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026

Same journal

R-peak detection and ECG data compression scheme based on empirical mode decomposition and wavelet transform.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026

Same journal

CastNet: A three-channel EEG-based deep learning model for cross-subject depression detection.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026

Same journal

State-of-the-art TinyML approaches for colorectal cancer detection: Current advances, challenges, and future directions.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026

Same journal

JRadiEvo: A Japanese radiology report generation model enhanced by evolutionary optimization of model merging.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026

Same journal

Causally-informed deep learning towards explainable and generalizable outcome prediction in critical care.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

Owlready: Ontology-oriented programming in Python with automatic classification and high level constructs for

Jean-Baptiste Lamy¹

¹LIMICS, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93017 Bobigny, INSERM UMRS 1142, UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

|August 19, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Owlready is a Python module that simplifies accessing and manipulating biomedical ontologies. It offers high-level programming constructs for easier class management and local closed-world reasoning, enhancing ontology-oriented programming.

Keywords:

Automatic classification Biomedical ontology Local closed world reasoning OWL Ontology-oriented programming Semantic web

More Related Videos

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Published on: February 23, 2019

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Published on: February 23, 2019

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomedical Informatics
Computational Biology
Knowledge Representation

Background:

Ontologies are crucial in the biomedical domain, but existing programming interfaces (e.g., SPARQL, OWLAPI) lack ease of use for object-oriented programming.
Difficulties in manipulating classes as easily as individuals and the open-world assumption of ontologies pose challenges for biomedical reasoning.

Purpose of the Study:

To design a user-friendly Python module for accessing and modifying OWL ontologies.
To provide high-level constructs specifically tailored for the complexities of biomedical ontologies.

Main Methods:

Developed Owlready, a Python module enabling ontology-oriented programming.
Integrated the OWL ontology model with the Python object model for seamless access.
Implemented a high-level syntax for managing classes and role-filler constraints.
Developed an algorithm for local closed-world reasoning.

Main Results:

Owlready (version 2) provides a high-level interface for OWL ontologies within Python.
Demonstrated ease of use with examples from Gene Ontology (GO).
Successfully applied Owlready in a use case comparing drug contraindications, showcasing class manipulation and closed-world reasoning.

Conclusions:

Owlready offers a practical solution for ontology programming in the biomedical field.
The module is open-source and has been adopted in medical research.
Future work includes support for vagueness and advanced reasoning features.