Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene

12.2K
Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
12.2K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.3K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.3K
Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

116.1K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
116.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.2K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

4.0K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
4.0K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

68.4K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
68.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual-responsive self-assembled nanomicelle based on low molecular weight chitosan enhanced the antitumor effect of doxorubicin by disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis.

Carbohydrate research·2026
Same author

Covalent Organic Framework Photocatalysts: Decoding Linkage Chemistry in Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis From Air and Water.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Single-molecule electron transport near a charge-trapping orbital-level alignment.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same author

On-Water Surface Synthesis of 2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework Films With Controllable Layer Orientation Enabling High-Performance Chemiresistive Sensing.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Metal dilution enabled quantum coherence in a planar Ni(III) dmit complex.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Ultranarrow nanochannels in a staggered two-dimensional polymer membrane enhance electric double-layer coverage for osmotic energy harvesting.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.2K

Two-dimensional sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks.

Enquan Jin1, Mizue Asada2, Qing Xu1

  • 1Field of Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a novel 2D crystalline covalent organic framework (sp2c-COF) using only sp2 carbons. This π-conjugated material exhibits semiconductor properties and can be chemically oxidized to achieve high conductivity and ferromagnetic behavior.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
05:26

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.9K
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

49.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.2K
Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
05:26

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.9K
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

49.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with tunable properties.
  • Achieving fully π-conjugated, crystalline COFs from sp2 carbons remains a synthetic challenge.
  • Developing novel carbon-based materials with unique electronic and magnetic properties is of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel two-dimensional (2D) crystalline covalent organic framework (sp2c-COF) exclusively from sp2 hybridized carbon atoms.
  • To investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the synthesized sp2c-COF, focusing on its π-conjugation, semiconducting behavior, and potential for conductivity enhancement and magnetic ordering.
  • To explore the structural characteristics, including the formation of an eclipsed layer framework and the confinement of radicals on pyrene units.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of sp2c-COF via C=C condensation reactions between tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene and 1,4-phenylenediacetonitrile.
  • Characterization of the 2D crystalline structure and π-conjugation.
  • Measurement of the semiconductor band gap (1.9 eV).
  • Chemical oxidation to study conductivity enhancement.
  • Investigation of radical formation, spin density, and magnetic phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a fully π-conjugated 2D crystalline covalent organic framework (sp2c-COF) with an eclipsed layer structure.
  • The sp2c-COF demonstrated semiconducting behavior with a discrete band gap of 1.9 eV.
  • Chemical oxidation enhanced the material's conductivity by 12 orders of magnitude.
  • Formation of a paramagnetic carbon structure with high spin density due to confined radicals on pyrene knots.
  • Observation of ferromagnetic phase transition, indicating spin-spin coherence and unidirectional spin alignment.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sp2c-COF represents a significant advancement in the design of fully π-conjugated, all-sp2 carbon materials.
  • The material's tunable conductivity and ferromagnetic properties open avenues for applications in organic electronics and spintronics.
  • The study highlights the potential of rational design in creating novel carbon-based materials with emergent electronic and magnetic functionalities.