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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Long Term Glaucoma Drug Delivery Using a Topically Retained Gel/Microsphere Eye Drop.

Morgan V Fedorchak1,2,3,4,5,6, Ian P Conner7,8,9, Joel S Schuman7,8,10,11,9,12,13,14,15

  • 1UPMC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. fedorchak@pitt.edu.

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A novel gel/microsphere (GMS) eye drop for glaucoma demonstrated long-term efficacy. A single GMS drop provided intraocular pressure reduction comparable to daily drops, offering a potential new treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Current glaucoma treatments often require frequent administration, leading to poor patient compliance.
  • There is a need for sustained-release drug delivery systems for ophthalmic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and evaluate the efficacy of a novel, long-term, non-invasive gel/microsphere (GMS) eye drop for glaucoma treatment.
  • To assess the drug release properties and in vivo performance of the GMS system.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a thermoresponsive hydrogel carrier with drug-loaded polymer microspheres.
  • Quantified in vitro brimonidine release and gel properties.
  • Administered a single brimonidine-loaded GMS drop to normotensive rabbits and monitored intraocular pressure (IOP) for 28 days.

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies characterized brimonidine release and gel properties.
  • A single GMS drop in rabbits resulted in IOP reduction comparable to twice-daily standard brimonidine drops over 28 days.
  • The GMS drops remained in the ocular fornix throughout the study duration.

Conclusions:

  • The GMS eye drop demonstrated sustained in vivo efficacy for 28 days after a single administration.
  • This novel drug delivery system shows potential for reduced systemic absorption compared to conventional eye drops.
  • This represents a pioneering long-term, drug-releasing depot administered as a conventional eye drop.