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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
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A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
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Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes.

G J Kahaly1, L Frommer2

  • 1Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55101, Mainz, Germany. Kahaly@ukmainz.de.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|August 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS) are complex autoimmune diseases affecting multiple endocrine glands. Early detection of autoantibodies and dysfunction is crucial for timely intervention and preventing severe disease progression.

Keywords:
Clinical pictureDiagnosisEpidemiologyPolyglandular autoimmune diseaseTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS) are rare, complex autoimmune disorders.
  • Scientific understanding of PAS (ORPHA 282196) has advanced significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated demographic, clinical, serological, and immunogenic data on PAS.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on the presentation and characteristics of PAS.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of relevant and current scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of existing data on PAS etiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • PAS involves at least two coexisting autoimmune endocrinopathies, exhibiting significant heterogeneity and sequential manifestation.
  • The autoimmune process in PAS often leads to irreversible organ dysfunction and can be linked with non-endocrine autoimmune diseases.
  • While juvenile PAS type I is monogenetic, adult PAS types are associated with susceptibility gene polymorphisms; type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease are common adult combinations.
  • Screening for polyglandular autoimmunity in patients with monoglandular autoimmune disease or their relatives aids early diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of autoantibodies and subclinical organ dysfunction is recommended.
  • Physicians should be alerted to initiate preventive measures against full-blown PAS.
  • Timely intervention can mitigate the progression and impact of polyglandular autoimmune syndromes.