The role of selenium in thyroid gland pathophysiology

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Nutritional Science
• Human Physiology

Background:

• Thyroid gland (TG) function depends on multiple microelements, including iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, and calcium.
• Deficiencies in one microelement can mask symptoms of others, impacting overall health.
• Selenium is a vital trace element for human homeostasis, particularly for the immune system and thyroid function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current knowledge on the role of selenium in thyroid gland functionality.
• To highlight the global prevalence of selenium deficiency.
• To emphasize the importance of balanced microelement supplementation sequences.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological studies on selenium deficiency.
• Analysis of research on the interactions between selenium and iodine supplementation.
• Synthesis of existing literature on selenium's impact on thyroid health.

Main Results:

• Selenium deficiency is a widespread issue, potentially affecting one billion people worldwide.
• Interactions between microelements are significant; for instance, selenium supplementation can influence iodine's effects.
• Appropriate selenium levels can mitigate consequences of both iodine deficiency and excess in the thyroid gland.

Conclusions:

• Selenium plays a critical role in maintaining thyroid gland health.
• Balanced and correctly sequenced supplementation of microelements is essential for optimal thyroid function.
• Further research into microelement interactions is warranted to address global health challenges related to deficiencies.