Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Toxicology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Animal waste management, particularly poultry manure, presents significant health risks.
• Odorous compounds emitted from manure can impact livestock, workers, and residents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of common odorous compounds from poultry manure.
• To elucidate the toxicity mechanisms of ammonia, dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), butyric acid, phenol, and indole.

Main Methods:

• In vitro study using a chicken cell line (LMH).
• Comet assay for DNA damage assessment.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay for cytotoxicity.
• DAPI staining for microscopic observation of cellular morphology.

Main Results:

• Ammonia, DMA, TMA, and butyric acid demonstrated dose-dependent genotoxicity, increasing DNA damage.
• Phenol and indole caused significant DNA damage irrespective of concentration.
• Ammonia, DMA, and TMA induced dose-dependent LDH release, indicating cytotoxicity.
• Observed nuclear morphological changes, including chromatin condensation and fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis.

Conclusions:

• Common odorous compounds in poultry manure exhibit significant genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on chicken cells.
• These findings highlight the potential health hazards associated with exposure to poultry manure emissions.