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Published on: May 22, 2018
Trans-caryophyllene inhibits amyloid β (Aβ) oligomer-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglial cells
Yawei Hu1, Ziling Zeng2, Baojie Wang2
1The Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong, China.
Abstract:
Amyloid β (Aβ) is the major component of senile plaques (SP) in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and serves as an inflammatory stimulus for microglia. Trans-caryophyllene (TC), a major component in the essential oils derived from various species of medicinal plants, has displayed its neuro-protective effects in previous studies. However, whether TC has a protective role in AD remains unknown. In this study, the effects of TC on Aβ1-42-induced neuro-inflammation were investigated. We found that TC reduced the release of LDH in BV-2 microglial cells treated with Aβ1-42. In addition, pretreatment of BV2 microglia with TC at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50μM prior to Aβ stimulation led to significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Notably, our results indicate that TC remarkably attenuated Aβ1-42-activated overexpression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We further demonstrated that TC markedly reversed Aβ1-42-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65, and NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that TC may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
Insights
Trans-caryophyllene (TC) reduces inflammation in Alzheimer's disease models. This study shows TC protects against amyloid-beta induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting key inflammatory pathways, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Background:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, which trigger neuroinflammation.
- Microglia activation by Aβ contributes to AD pathogenesis.
- Trans-caryophyllene (TC), a plant-derived compound, has shown neuroprotective effects, but its role in AD is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the therapeutic potential of Trans-caryophyllene (TC) in mitigating amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Main Methods:
- BV-2 microglial cells were treated with Aβ1-42 and varying concentrations of TC.
- Assessed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
- Investigated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).
- Analyzed the NF-κB signaling pathway, including IκBα phosphorylation/degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity.
Main Results:
- TC significantly reduced LDH release in Aβ1-42-treated BV-2 cells.
- TC pretreatment inhibited NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
- TC attenuated Aβ1-42-induced overexpression of TLR4.
- TC reversed Aβ1-42-induced IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB activation.
Conclusions:
- Trans-caryophyllene (TC) demonstrates significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects against amyloid-beta (Aβ) in microglial cells.
- TC modulates key inflammatory mediators and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
- These findings highlight TC as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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