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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Developing standards for the development of glaucoma virtual clinics using a modified Delphi approach.

Aachal Kotecha1, Simon Longstaff2, Augusto Azuara-Blanco3

  • 1NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study established standards for UK virtual glaucoma clinics using a modified Delphi method. The framework guides the development and implementation of these essential patient monitoring services.

Keywords:
Delphiglaucomastandardsvirtual clinic

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Health Services Research
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Virtual clinics offer a novel approach to glaucoma monitoring.
  • Standardized frameworks are crucial for effective implementation of virtual glaucoma services.
  • The UK healthcare system seeks to optimize glaucoma patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve consensus on a standards framework for developing and implementing virtual clinics for glaucoma monitoring in the UK.
  • To guide the establishment of reliable and efficient virtual glaucoma care models.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi methodology was employed, involving UK Glaucoma and Eire Society (UKEGS) members.
  • Two rounds of scoring using a 9-point Likert scale and free-text comments were conducted.
  • An expert panel of seven UK glaucoma subspecialists finalized the standards, followed by external stakeholder consultation.

Main Results:

  • A 44% response rate from UKEGS members was achieved.
  • The final standards document, validated by stakeholders, covers patient groups, testing methods, staffing, and governance.
  • The framework addresses key components for NHS secondary care glaucoma virtual clinic models.

Conclusions:

  • The modified Delphi approach successfully generated consensus on standards for UK virtual glaucoma clinics.
  • This standards document is expected to serve as a valuable guide for implementing virtual glaucoma monitoring services.