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Maternal microbiomes in preterm birth: Recent progress and analytical pipelines.

Lindsay A Parnell1, Catherine M Briggs1, Indira U Mysorekar2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

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Summary

Preterm birth, affecting 10% of newborns globally, may be linked to the maternal microbiome. Research explores connections between the gut, vaginal, cervical, and placental microbiomes and preterm birth risk.

Keywords:
16S rRNA profilingCervical microbiomePlacentaVagina

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks' gestation) affects 10% of infants globally.
  • Current strategies for preventing preterm birth have limited success.
  • Infection and idiopathic causes account for most preterm births.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of the maternal microbiome in the etiology of preterm birth.
  • To review current data correlating maternal microbiomes with preterm birth.
  • To discuss common microbiome analysis methods and considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of maternal intestinal, vaginal, cervical, and placental microbiomes.
  • Review of existing scientific literature and data.
  • Description of standard microbiome analysis techniques.

Main Results:

  • Emerging data suggest correlations between preterm birth and alterations in maternal intestinal, vaginal, cervical, and placental microbiomes.
  • Specific microbial profiles are associated with increased preterm birth risk.
  • Commonly used microbiome analysis methods are presented.

Conclusions:

  • The maternal microbiome is a potential contributing factor to preterm birth.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms.
  • Standardized methods are crucial for reliable microbiome studies in pregnancy.