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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation and Functional Analysis of Arteriolar Endothelium of Mouse Brain Parenchyma
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Endothelial Function Is Associated with White Matter Microstructure and Executive Function in Older Adults.

Nathan F Johnson1, Brian T Gold2,3,4, Christopher A Brown2

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|August 22, 2017
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Summary

Good endothelial function, measured by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), is linked to better white matter health and executive function in older adults. This suggests improved blood vessel function may protect brain structure and cognition with age.

Keywords:
agingdiffusion tensor imagingendothelial functionexecutive functionreactive hyperemiawhite matter hyperintensity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Age-related endothelial dysfunction is a risk factor for cognitive decline.
  • The specific links between endothelial function, white matter integrity, and executive functions remain unclear.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing interventions to maintain cognitive health in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index; RHI) and white matter (WM) health (fractional anisotropy; FA, and WM hyperintensity volume; WMH).
  • To examine the relationship between RHI, WM health, and executive function (assessed via Trail Making Test B-A).
  • To identify specific WM tracts linking endothelial function to executive function using tractography.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 36 older adults (ages 59-69).
  • Measures included reactive hyperemia index (RHI) for endothelial function.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessed white matter integrity (FA, WMH volume).
  • Executive function evaluated using the Trail Making Test (TMT).
  • Tractography analysis was employed to map white matter pathways.

Main Results:

  • No significant relationship was found between WM hyperintensity volume (WMH) and RHI or executive function.
  • A positive association was observed between RHI and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the genu and body of the corpus callosum.
  • Higher RHI and FA were independently correlated with better performance on executive function tasks.
  • Tractography revealed that the RHI-FA relationship in the corpus callosum involved tracts connecting frontal regions (superior frontal gyrus, frontopolar cortex) crucial for executive functions.

Conclusions:

  • Superior endothelial function is associated with better white matter microstructure in specific corpus callosum tracts.
  • These tracts interconnect frontal brain regions critical for executive function.
  • Enhanced endothelial function may play a protective role against age-related white matter degradation and preserve executive functions in older adults.