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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Immunotherapy-induced autoimmune hypophysitis.

Gautam Valecha1, Manisha Pant1, Uroosa Ibrahim2

  • 11 Department of Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , NY, USA.

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners
|August 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune hypophysitis is a rare adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors like ipilimumab and nivolumab. Early corticosteroid treatment rapidly resolved symptoms in a patient with small cell lung cancer.

Keywords:
Immunotherapyadverse eventsautoimmune hypophysitisipilimumabnivolumab

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like ipilimumab and nivolumab are crucial in cancer therapy.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are known complications of ICI treatment.
  • Autoimmune hypophysitis is a rare but significant irAE affecting the pituitary gland.

Observation:

  • A 58-year-old female with relapsed extensive stage small cell lung cancer developed hypophysitis during ICI therapy.
  • Symptoms included headache, nausea, vomiting, and decreased oral intake.
  • MRI revealed pituitary and pituitary stalk enlargement consistent with hypophysitis.

Findings:

  • The patient was treated with corticosteroids.
  • Rapid resolution of hypophysitis symptoms was observed following corticosteroid administration.
  • This case highlights the clinical presentation and successful management of ICI-induced hypophysitis.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should be aware of autoimmune hypophysitis as a potential irAE of ICIs.
  • Prompt diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment are crucial for managing ICI-induced hypophysitis.
  • Understanding and managing irAEs is vital for optimizing ICI therapy in cancer patients.