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Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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Function of RAD6B and RNF8 in spermatogenesis.

Yingli Guo1, Yanfeng Song1, Zhao Guo1

  • 1a Department of Anatomy and Histology , Lanzhou University , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Lanzhou , China.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|August 22, 2017
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Summary

Histone ubiquitination by RAD6B and RNF8 is crucial for male fertility. Loss of these proteins causes male infertility partly due to senescence impacting germ cell numbers during spermatogenesis.

Keywords:
RAD6BRNF8histonesenescencespermatogenesisubiquitin

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Histone ubiquitination regulates sperm formation and nucleosome removal during spermatogenesis.
  • RNF8 (E3 ubiquitin ligase) and RAD6B (E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme) are involved in DNA repair via histone ubiquitination.
  • Loss of RNF8 or RAD6B leads to male infertility in mice, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanisms by which RAD6B and RNF8 knockouts cause male infertility.
  • Compare the effects of RAD6B and RNF8 loss on spermatogenesis.
  • Determine the roles of histone ubiquitination and senescence in male fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized RNF8 knockout mice to assess fertility and spermatogenesis.
  • Examined the ubiquitination status of histones H2A and H2B.
  • Assessed the role of senescence in germ cell number and male sterility.

Main Results:

  • RNF8 knockout mice exhibited subfertility or sterility.
  • RAD6B polyubiquitinated histones H2A and H2B.
  • RNF8 monoubiquitinated histones H2A and H2B.
  • Absence of histone ubiquitination and senescence contributed to male infertility by affecting germ cell numbers.

Conclusions:

  • Both histone ubiquitination and senescence are critical for male fertility.
  • RAD6B and RNF8 play distinct roles in histone ubiquitination during spermatogenesis.
  • Senescence exacerbates male sterility in the absence of proper histone ubiquitination.