High-intensity training enhances executive function in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Exercise Physiology
• Cognitive Psychology

Background:

• Traditionally, aerobic exercise has been linked to cognitive improvements.
• High-intensity training (HIT) has not been extensively studied for its cognitive effects in children.
• This study investigates the impact of a 6-week HIT regimen on cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of a 6-week high-intensity training (HIT) program on cognitive control and working memory in children.
• To compare the effects of HIT against an active control group matched for enjoyment and motivation.
• To explore potential genetic moderation of exercise-induced cognitive benefits.

Main Methods:

• A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 318 children aged 7-13 years.
• Participants were assigned to either a HIT group or an active control group.
• Cognitive performance was assessed using six tasks measuring cognitive control and working memory; genetic data and physiological measurements were secondary outcomes.

Main Results:

• The 6-week HIT regimen led to significant improvements in cognitive control (g = 0.31) and working memory (g = 0.54).
• These cognitive gains were moderated by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) genotype.
• Individuals with the met66 variant of BDNF showed greater cognitive improvements compared to val66 homozygotes.

Conclusions:

• Short and potent exercise regimens, such as HIT, can effectively enhance cognitive functions in children.
• HIT presents a promising alternative to traditional aerobic exercise for cognitive enhancement.
• Genetic factors, specifically BDNF genotype, play a role in moderating the cognitive benefits of exercise.