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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
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Sample width and thickness effects on upward flame spread over PMMA surface.

Lin Jiang1, Jia-Jia He1, Jin-Hua Sun1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|August 22, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates how sample width and thickness affect upward flame spread, a hazardous fire scenario. Researchers developed a mass loss prediction method and scaling law for flame height, improving fire safety design and understanding heat and mass transfer.

Keywords:
Flame heightFlame spread rateMass loss rateThicknessWidth

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Area of Science:

  • Fire Science
  • Heat and Mass Transfer
  • Combustion Science

Background:

  • Upward flame spread is the most hazardous fire configuration due to alignment with airflow and buoyancy.
  • Evaluating upward flame spread for various materials and sample sizes remains a challenge for fire researchers.
  • Understanding geometric effects is crucial for predicting fire behavior and enhancing safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of sample width and thickness on upward flame spread behavior.
  • To develop a theoretical method for predicting global mass loss rate based on Emmons's hypothesis.
  • To establish a scaling law for dimensionless flame height concerning dimensionless heat release rate for steady-state burning.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using four sample thicknesses (1.7, 3.5, 5, 7mm) and six widths (40-90mm).
  • Sample sides were sealed in contrast experiments to isolate front surface flame spread.
  • Emmons's hypothesis was used to develop a global mass loss rate calculation method.

Main Results:

  • The developed theoretical global mass loss rate model accurately fitted experimental data for upward flame spread.
  • A power-law relationship with an exponent of 0.58 was found between dimensionless flame height and dimensionless heat release rate.
  • Side-sealed experiments confirmed the inhibition of flame propagation along sample sides.

Conclusions:

  • Sample dimensions significantly influence upward flame spread dynamics.
  • The study provides a validated method for mass loss prediction and a scaling law for flame height.
  • Findings contribute to improved fire safety designs for high-rise buildings and a deeper understanding of flame spread mechanisms.