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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

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Published on: January 19, 2019

UP-DOWN cortical dynamics reflect state transitions in a bistable network.

Daniel Jercog¹, Alex Roxin², Peter Barthó³

¹Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.

|August 23, 2017

Summary

The resting brain exhibits bistable cortical networks with variable UP and DOWN states. Network models and experiments reveal non-rhythmic state transitions driven by fluctuations and adaptation.

Keywords:

bistability computational network model cortical circuit neuroscience rat up down states

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Neuronal circuits in the resting brain alternate between active (UP) and quiescent (DOWN) states.
The underlying mechanisms governing these state transitions remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms of spontaneous cortical state transitions in the idling brain.
To model and experimentally validate the dynamics of UP and DOWN states in cortical networks.

Main Methods:

Analysis of spontaneous cortical population activity in anesthetized rats.
Development of a network rate model with excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) populations.
Implementation of a spiking network model.
Experimental validation of model predictions regarding neuronal adaptation.

Main Results:

UP and DOWN state durations were highly variable, with no significant rate decay during UP periods.
A novel bistable regime was identified, transitioning between quiescence and an inhibition-stabilized state.
Neuronal adaptation in E cells led to decreased E-rate and marked decay in I-rate during UP states.
DOWN-to-UP transitions were predicted to be triggered by synchronous, high-amplitude events.

Conclusions:

Cortical networks exhibit bistability, supporting non-rhythmic state transitions during rest.
Neuronal adaptation plays a crucial role in modulating state dynamics.
Synchronous events are key drivers for transitions from DOWN to UP states.