Connectomes as constitutively epistemic objects: Critical perspectives on modeling in current neuroanatomy

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Philosophy of Science
• Sociology of Science

Background:

• The term "connectome" typically refers to a complete map of neural connections.
• Network thinking increasingly influences various societal domains, including technology, economy, and social life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically examine the role of connectomes in neuroscientific practice.
• To analyze the broader implications of the connectomic approach within a network-centric world.
• To question the notion of connectomes as definitive, complete descriptions.

Main Methods:

• Philosophical analysis integrating concepts of "descriptive models" and "epistemic objects."
• Historical and political assessment of contemporary neuroscientific research.
• Metaphorical analysis of the "brain as a network" concept.

Main Results:

• Connectomes are fundamentally "epistemic objects," inherently incomplete and subject to ongoing research and diverse modeling assumptions.
• The idea of a complete connectome as a permanent technical standard is misguided.
• Connectomics exemplifies the dominant "brain as a network" metaphor in neuroscience.
• This metaphor shares affinities with contemporary "network societies."

Conclusions:

• Connectomes should be understood as dynamic, evolving research targets rather than fixed maps.
• The "brain as a network" metaphor, while dominant, warrants critical examination due to its societal parallels.
• A more productive engagement with the relationship between connectomics and societal networks is possible.