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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

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The subtalar joint: A complex mechanism.

Nicola Krähenbühl1, Tamara Horn-Lang1, Beat Hintermann1

  • 1Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland.

EFORT Open Reviews
|August 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The subtalar joint

Keywords:
hindfootmalalignmentosteoarthritissubtalar joint

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Subtalar joint anatomy is complex and varies individually.
  • Its role in hindfoot disorders is debated.
  • Adjacent structures influence subtalar joint movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide an overview of subtalar joint anatomy.
  • Discuss subtalar joint biomechanics.
  • Explain radiographic assessment of the subtalar joint.
  • Examine its influence on ankle osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical and biomechanical studies.
  • Analysis of radiographic techniques.
  • Discussion of clinical relevance in hindfoot disorders.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of subtalar joint complex anatomy.
  • Explanation of biomechanical principles governing its motion.
  • Overview of standard and advanced radiographic assessments.
  • Discussion on the link between subtalar joint and ankle osteoarthritis progression.

Conclusions:

  • The subtalar joint's complex anatomy and biomechanics are crucial for hindfoot function.
  • Accurate radiographic assessment is essential for diagnosis.
  • Understanding its role is vital for managing hindfoot disorders and ankle osteoarthritis.