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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

Lewis Acids and Bases

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This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

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Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
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Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

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To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

43.9K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Lewis Structures and Formal Charges02:19

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

23.4K
Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in molecules and polyatomic ions. The periodic table can be used to predict the number of valence electrons in an atom and the number of bonds that will be formed to reach an octet. Group 18 elements, such as argon and helium, have filled electron configurations and thus rarely participate in chemical bonding. However, atoms from group 17, such as...
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids.

Lucy C Brown1, James M Hogg1, Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.

Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham)
|August 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs), focusing on historical halometallate ILs and newer alternatives like liquid coordination complexes and main-group Lewis acidic cations. It covers their speciation, acidity, and diverse applications.

Keywords:
Borenium cationsHalometallate ionic liquidsLewis acidityLiquid coordination complexesSolvate ionic liquids

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Historically, Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs) primarily referred to halometallate ILs, particularly chloroaluminate(III) systems.
  • These ILs have been extensively studied for their unique properties and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Lewis acidic ionic liquids.
  • To discuss historical halometallate ILs and emerging alternatives.
  • To highlight speciation, acidity quantification, and applications of these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and literature on halometallate ILs.
  • Analysis of speciation and Lewis acidity measurements.
  • Examination of applications in industrial alkylation, supported systems, and inorganic synthesis.
  • Discussion of newer liquid Lewis acids: liquid coordination complexes and ILs with main-group Lewis acidic cations.

Main Results:

  • Halometallate ILs, especially chloroaluminates, have a significant history and diverse applications.
  • Newer alternatives like liquid coordination complexes and main-group Lewis acidic cations offer cost-effectiveness and broader applicability.
  • Speciation studies and acidity measurements are crucial for understanding and utilizing these liquid Lewis acids.

Conclusions:

  • The field of Lewis acidic ionic liquids has evolved beyond traditional halometallates.
  • Emerging liquid Lewis acids present promising avenues for catalysis and synthesis.
  • Continued research into speciation and acidity will drive innovation in IL applications.