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Interface phenomena in magnetron sputtered Cu2O/ZnO heterostructures.

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Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|August 23, 2017
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Summary

Investigating ZnO/Cu2O interfaces for solar cells revealed an unexpected CuO layer. This layer impacts electronic properties and valence band offsets, crucial for improving solar cell efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Renewable Energy Technologies

Background:

  • Zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) interfaces are promising for thin film solar cells.
  • Experimental realization of predicted high conversion efficiencies remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ZnO/Cu2O interface properties in magnetron sputtered samples.
  • To understand the reasons behind the discrepancy between predicted and experimental solar cell efficiencies.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of two sample geometries: ZnO on Cu2O (Type A) and Cu2O on ZnO (Type B).
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to identify interfacial layers and analyze electronic states.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm structural observations.
  • Analysis of Cu 2p peak characteristics (satellite ratio, asymmetry) and Cu 2p-LMM Auger parameter.

Main Results:

  • An intermediate copper(I) oxide (CuO) layer was consistently identified at the ZnO/Cu2O interface, irrespective of deposition order.
  • XPS revealed altered electron hole screening conditions within the CuO layer near the interface.
  • The presence of CuO can lead to underestimation of valence band offsets (VBOs) if not accounted for.
  • Reliable VBOs for Type A samples, considering the CuO layer, ranged from 2.5 eV to 2.8 eV.
  • Type B samples exhibited quantum confinement effects in the Cu2O overlayer, indicated by Auger parameter shifts.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of an interfacial CuO layer is a critical factor affecting the electronic properties of ZnO/Cu2O heterojunctions.
  • Accurate characterization of this CuO layer and its impact on screening is essential for reliable VBO determination.
  • Understanding these interfacial phenomena is key to optimizing ZnO/Cu2O based thin film solar cells for improved performance.