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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Superplasticizers01:30

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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Types of Cement II01:22

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Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
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Air-entraining Agents01:27

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Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...
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Self-Sealing Cementitious Materials by Using Water-Swelling Rubber Particles.

Leyang Lv1,2, Erik Schlangen3, Feng Xing4

  • 1Micromechanics Laboratory (MICROLAB), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands. L.Lu-2@tudelft.nl.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Water-swelling rubber particles offer a self-sealing solution for cracked concrete, significantly reducing water permeability and enhancing structural integrity. This innovation improves the durability and safety of concrete structures against water damage.

Keywords:
bridging effectcementitious materialsself-sealingwater swelling rubber

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Structural Health Monitoring

Background:

  • Water ingress into cracked concrete structures leads to leakage and reinforcement corrosion, compromising structural functionality and safety.
  • Existing methods for repairing cracks in concrete are often temporary or labor-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and investigate the application of water-swelling rubber particles for self-sealing cracked concrete.
  • To evaluate the influence of these particles on the mechanical properties of concrete.
  • To quantify the self-sealing efficiency based on particle content and size.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of water-swelling rubber particles as aggregate replacement in concrete mixtures.
  • Permeability tests to quantify water flow through cracked concrete specimens.
  • X-ray computed tomography to monitor the sealing effect and crack bridging behavior.
  • Mechanical property testing to assess the impact of rubber particles on concrete strength and durability.

Main Results:

  • Incorporating 6% water-swelling rubber particles reduced water permeability by up to 64% for 0.7 mm cracks and 61% for 1.0 mm cracks.
  • Water-swelling rubber particles demonstrated crack bridging capabilities, preventing complete specimen separation.
  • The study confirmed the feasibility of using these particles for self-sealing concrete.

Conclusions:

  • Water-swelling rubber particles effectively impart a self-sealing function to cracked concrete.
  • The addition of these particles enhances the durability and safety of concrete structures by mitigating water ingress.
  • Optimized content and particle size of water-swelling rubber particles can significantly improve concrete's resistance to water penetration.