Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

5.7K
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
5.7K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

3.9K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
3.9K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

3.8K
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
3.8K
Transduction01:16

Transduction

2.0K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
2.0K
Transformation01:26

Transformation

1.2K
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
1.2K
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

34.3K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
34.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and characterisation of a thermoreversible sol-gel for intranasal delivery of MRI and PET imaging agents.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Editorial: Novel biomaterials to improve the biological effects of electromagnetic and particle radiation.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2024
Same author

Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

In vitro and in vivo MRI imaging and photothermal therapeutic properties of Hematite (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Nanorods.

Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine·2022
Same author

In situ oxygenating and 808 nm light-sensitized nanocomposite for multimodal imaging and mitochondria-assisted cancer therapy.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2020
Same author

Insight into the Luminescence Alternation of Sub-30 nm Upconversion Nanoparticles with a Small NaHoF<sub>4</sub> Core and Multi-Gd<sup>3+</sup> /Yb<sup>3+</sup> Coexisting Shells.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2020
Same journal

Lasing characteristics and stress-tuning effects in GaN beam microcavities.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Unraveling the synergy of core doping and the motif shell in atomically precise PtAg nanoclusters for CF<sub>3</sub>-ketone alkynylation.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

A dual-functional heavy-metal-free quantum dot/TiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid system for simultaneous pollutant degradation and green hydrogen production.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Rational design of spherical NiCoB@rGO nanocomposites for efficient electrochemical energy storage.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Ligand-controlled engineering of Cu-H active sites on Cu<sub>25</sub> hydride nanoclusters for efficient CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Isostructural Co/Ni-containing banana-shaped polyoxometalates for visible-light-driven hydrogen production.

Nanoscale·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Transduction of Human Cells with Polymer-complexed Ecotropic Lentivirus for Enhanced Biosafety
14:03

Transduction of Human Cells with Polymer-complexed Ecotropic Lentivirus for Enhanced Biosafety

Published on: July 24, 2011

15.8K

Upconversion processes: versatile biological applications and biosafety.

Arif Gulzar1, Jiating Xu, Piaoping Yang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China. arifgulzar@hrbeu.edu.cn yangpiaoping@hrbeu.edu.cn.

Nanoscale
|August 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanomaterials offer advanced biomedical imaging and therapy due to their unique light conversion properties. This review details their synthesis, mechanisms, and crucial biosafety considerations for in vivo applications.

More Related Videos

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish
09:49

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

Published on: March 19, 2018

6.5K
An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
11:20

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

Published on: August 30, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Transduction of Human Cells with Polymer-complexed Ecotropic Lentivirus for Enhanced Biosafety
14:03

Transduction of Human Cells with Polymer-complexed Ecotropic Lentivirus for Enhanced Biosafety

Published on: July 24, 2011

15.8K
Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish
09:49

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

Published on: March 19, 2018

6.5K
An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
11:20

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

Published on: August 30, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanomaterials (UCNPs) convert near-infrared (NIR) light to shorter wavelengths.
  • This property enables low background, deep tissue penetration, and reduced photodamage for biomedical imaging and therapy.
  • UCNPs offer advantages over traditional fluorophores and quantum dots in analytical and imaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of upconversion in lanthanide-doped nanomaterials.
  • To discuss synthesis and tuning methods for UCNP absorption and emission properties.
  • To critically evaluate the cellular internalization, biodistribution, excretion, and in vivo toxicity of UCNPs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms governing photon upconversion processes.
  • Analysis of synthesis and surface modification techniques for UCNPs.
  • Compilation and assessment of existing literature on UCNP biological interactions and safety.

Main Results:

  • UCNPs exhibit exceptional photostability and low intrinsic toxicity.
  • NIR excitation minimizes autofluorescence and scattering, enhancing imaging quality.
  • Studies correlate UCNP physicochemical properties with their in vivo behavior and toxicological profiles.

Conclusions:

  • UCNPs hold significant promise for advanced biomedical applications, including deep tissue imaging and targeted therapies.
  • Understanding and controlling UCNP properties are key to optimizing their performance and safety.
  • Further research is needed to fully address the challenges of ensuring in vivo biosafety for widespread clinical translation.