Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.4K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.9K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

5.5K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
5.5K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

16.3K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
16.3K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glass polymorphism in TIP4P/2005 water: A description based on the potential energy landscape formalism.

The Journal of chemical physics·2019
Same author

State variables for glasses: The case of amorphous ice.

The Journal of chemical physics·2019
Same author

Influence of sample preparation on the transformation of low-density to high-density amorphous ice: An explanation based on the potential energy landscape.

The Journal of chemical physics·2017
Same author

Structure and mobility of water confined in AlPO<sub>4</sub>-54 nanotubes.

The Journal of chemical physics·2017
Same journal

Anharmonic phonons via quantum thermal bath simulations.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Quantum simulation of alignment dependent differential cross sections in co-propagating molecular beams at cold collision energies.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Non-additive ion effects on the coil-globule equilibrium of a generic polymer in aqueous salt solutions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Insights into the unexpected small reduction of the temperature of maximum density of water by lithium chloride addition.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Optical frequency comb double-resonance spectroscopy of the 9030-9175 cm-1 states of ethylene.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Time reversal breaking of colloidal particles in cells.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
07:48

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions

Published on: June 18, 2020

7.4K

Heating- and pressure-induced transformations in amorphous and hexagonal ice: A computer simulation study using the

Justin Engstler1, Nicolas Giovambattista1

  • 1Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details glassy water's phase behavior using molecular dynamics simulations. It maps transformations between low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and high-density amorphous ice (HDA), revealing a common mechanism for ice amorphization.

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K
A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
08:01

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
07:48

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions

Published on: June 18, 2020

7.4K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K
A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization
08:01

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the complex phase behavior of water, particularly glassy states, is crucial for various scientific disciplines.
  • Amorphous ice phases (LDA and HDA) and their transitions are key to comprehending water's unique properties under different conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize the phase behavior of glassy water using the TIP4P/2005 model.
  • To construct a comprehensive P-T phase diagram for glassy TIP4P/2005 water.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind pressure- and heating-induced transformations between different amorphous ice phases.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive out-of-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Systematic variation of temperature and pressure to explore phase space.
  • Analysis of structural and orientational order parameters to identify phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Construction of a P-T phase diagram for glassy TIP4P/2005 water, showing transformations between LDA and HDA.
  • Detailed characterization of pressure-induced amorphization (PIA) of hexagonal ice (Ih) as a two-step process.
  • Identification of common mechanisms for LDA-to-HDA and Ih-to-HDA transformations, linked to hydrogen-bond network collapse and molecular ordering.

Conclusions:

  • The P-T phase diagram provides valuable insights into glassy water's behavior under diverse conditions.
  • The study reveals a shared mechanism for the amorphization of different ice forms, involving hydrogen-bond network distortion and collapse.
  • Results offer a deeper understanding of water's complex phase landscape and its amorphous states.