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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
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Naja atra snakebite in Taiwan.

Yan-Chiao Mao1,2,3,4, Po-Yu Liu5,6, Liao-Chun Chiang7

  • 1a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|August 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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A proactive multidisciplinary approach to <i>Naja atra</i> envenomation reduces surgical burden and length of hospital stay.

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Molecular characterization of <i>Moniezia expansa</i> (Rudolphi, 1810) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from a captive common eland (<i>Tragelaphus oryx</i>) in Taiwan.

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife·2026

Naja atra snakebites in Taiwan primarily cause local swelling and pain, with infectious complications often requiring surgery. Neurological effects are rare, and prompt antivenom administration is crucial for managing envenoming.

Area of Science:

  • Herpetology
  • Toxicology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Naja atra snakebites are uncommon in Taiwan, presenting unique clinical challenges.
  • Despite specific antivenom availability, management guidelines for Naja atra envenoming are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the clinical manifestations and management of Naja atra snakebites.
  • To provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of Naja atra envenoming.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective evaluation of 183 patients admitted to two medical centers.
  • Categorization of patients into definite, suspected, and clinical Naja atra snakebite cases.
  • Comparison of demographic data, symptomatology, and management across case groups.
Keywords:
Naja atraantivenomenvenomationnecrosisnecrotizing soft tissue infection

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Main Results:

  • Local tissue swelling and pain were the most common effects (94.5%).
  • Infectious complications, including wound infection (80.9%) and skin necrosis (65.6%), were frequent.
  • Median antivenom dose was 10 vials; 42.8% of patients required surgical debridement.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical diagnosis of Naja atra snakebites is feasible based on characteristic manifestations.
  • Unlike other Elapidae, Naja atra bites rarely cause severe neurological effects.
  • Early surgical consultation is recommended due to high rates of infectious complications; compartment syndrome requires careful diagnosis.